Nembutal Pentobarbital (PB)

£320.00£1,800.00

NEMBUTAL Sodium Solution (pentobarbital sodium injection) is a sterile solution for intravenous or intramuscular injection

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DESCRIPTION

Pentobarbital (Nembutal) is a short-acting barbiturate sedative-hypnotic that is widely used in veterinary practice for anaesthesia and euthanasia The sodium salts of amobarbital, pentobarbital, phenobarbital, and secobarbital are available as sterile parenteral solutions. You can Nembutal Phenobarbital UK ukbestpharma.com

Indications and dose | Nembutal Phenobarbital UK

For phenobarbital

All forms of epilepsy except typical absence seizuresfor phenobarbital

By mouth
Adult60–180 mg once daily, dose to be taken at night.

Status epilepticusfor phenobarbital, Nembutal Phenobarbital UK

By intravenous injection
Adult10 mg/kg (max. per dose 1 g).
By slow intravenous injection
NeonateInitially 20 mg/kg, then 2.5–5 mg/kg 1–2 times a day.
Child 1 month–11 yearsInitially 20 mg/kg, then 2.5–5 mg/kg 1–2 times a day.
Child 12–17 yearsInitially 20 mg/kg (max. per dose 1 g), then 300 mg twice daily.

Dose equivalence and conversionfor phenobarbital

For therapeutic purposes phenobarbital and phenobarbital sodium may be considered equivalent in effect.

Important safety information | Nembutal Phenobarbital UK

Important safety informationFor phenobarbital

MHRA/CHM advice: Antiepileptics: risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviour (August 2008)

See Epilepsy.

MHRA/CHM advice: Antiepileptic drugs: updated advice on switching between different manufacturers’ products (November 2017)

See Epilepsy and see also Prescribing and dispensing information.

MHRA/CHM advice: Antiepileptic drugs in pregnancy: updated advice following comprehensive safety review (January 2021)

See Epilepsy.

Cautions, Nembutal Phenobarbital UK

CautionsFor phenobarbital

Avoid in Acute porphyrias; children; debilitated; elderly (in adults); history of alcohol abuse; history of drug abuse; respiratory depression (avoid if severe); seizures (may be exacerbated)

Cautions, further information

MHRA advises consider vitamin D supplementation in patients who are immobilised for long periods or who have inadequate sun exposure or dietary intake of calcium.

Seizure exacerbation

Phenobarbital may exacerbate seizures in patients with absence seizures, Dravet syndrome, and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome.

Interactions

View interactions for phenobarbital

Side-effects

Side-effectsFor phenobarbital

General side-effects:

Frequency not known

Agranulocytosis; anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome; behaviour abnormal; bone disorders; bone fracture; cognitive impairment; confusion; depression; drowsiness; folate deficiency; hepatic disorders; memory loss; movement disorders; nystagmus; respiratory depression; severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs); skin reactions; suicidal behaviours

Specific side-effects:

Frequency not known

With oral use

Anxiety; hallucination; hypotension; megaloblastic anaemia; thrombocytopenia

With parenteral use

Agitation; anaemia; aplastic anaemia; Dupuytren’s contracture; hypocalcaemia; irritability

Overdose

For details on the management of poisoning, see Active elimination techniques, under Emergency treatment of poisoning.

Allergy and cross-sensitivity

Allergy and cross-sensitivity For phenobarbital

Cross-sensitivity reported with carbamazepine.

Antiepileptic hypersensitivity syndrome associated with phenobarbital. See under Epilepsy for more information.

Pregnancy

PregnancyFor phenobarbital

An increased risk of major congenital malformations and intra-uterine growth restriction, and possibility of adverse effects on neurodevelopment have been seen with phenobarbital, see Pregnancy in Epilepsy for further details.

Breast feeding

Breast feeding For phenobarbital

Avoid if possible; drowsiness may occur.

Hepatic impairment

Hepatic impairment For phenobarbital

Manufacturer advises caution in mild to moderate impairment; avoid in severe impairment.

Renal impairment

Renal impairment For phenobarbital

Use with caution in mild to moderate impairment; avoid in severe impairment.

Monitoring requirements

Monitoring requirements For phenobarbital

Therapeutic drug monitoring For phenobarbital

Plasma-phenobarbital concentration for optimum response is 15–40 mg/litre (60–180 micromol/litre); however, monitoring the plasma-drug concentration is less useful than with other drugs because tolerance occurs.

Treatment cessation

Treatment cessation For phenobarbital

Avoid abrupt withdrawal (dependence with prolonged use).

Directions for administration

Directions for administration For phenobarbital

With oral use:

For administration by mouth, tablets may be crushed.

With intravenous use in adults:

For intravenous injection, dilute injection solution 1 in 10 with Water for Injections; give at a rate not more than 100 mg/minute.

With intravenous use in children:

For intravenous injection, dilute injection solution 1 in 10 with Water for Injections; give at a rate not more than 1 mg/kg/minute.

Prescribing and dispensing information

Prescribing and dispensing information For phenobarbital

In children:

The RCPCH and NPPG position statement Choosing an Oral Liquid Medicine for Children states that recommended practice in the UK is to use an ethanol-free unlicensed 50 mg/5 mL liquid for the oral administration of phenobarbital to children when an oral liquid is required. Phenobarbital Elixir BP (15 mg/5 mL) contains 38% v/v of ethanol (alcohol), and so there is potential for accumulation when ingested repeatedly, especially in young children with low or immature metabolic capacity.

Switching between formulations

Different formulations of oral preparations may vary in bioavailability. Patients should be maintained on a specific manufacturer’s product.

Patient and carer advice

Patient and carer advice For phenobarbital

Medicines for Children leaflet: Phenobarbital for preventing seizures

In children:

https://www.medicinesforchildren.org.uk/medicines/phenobarbital-for-preventing-seizures/

Medicinal forms

There can be variation in the licensing of different medicines containing the same drug.

Forms available from special-order manufacturers include: tablet, capsule, oral suspension, oral solution.

View all medicinal forms and pricing information

Or jump straight to:

  1. Contraceptives, interactions
  2. Epilepsy

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